Leadership when it matters most Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Administration when it is important most - Term Paper Example The model will be utilized to show how transformational authority is utilized in the cutting edge world to draw out the greatest capability of workers by utilizing impact strategies, pioneer part trade, dynamic and so on. Then again, transformational authority will be differentiated to value-based initiative to recognize its preferences and disservices. Finally, its pertinence and convenience in the globalized world will be talked about. After an intensive assessment of writing from an immense assortment of sources joined with definite investigation of genuine administration model, the benefits of transformational initiative are entrenched. Without a doubt, the profitability of laborers ascends because of empowering two-way correspondence, shared dynamic, diminished separation between different hierarchal levels and such. This thus permits an association to adjust to the quick changing globalized advertise and effectively satisfy its crucial vision in the more extended run. Other tha n raising efficiency, transformational administration additionally draws out the imagination and creative component in workers. In a definitive examination, transformational initiative style can extraordinarily build the adequacy of a pioneer. In any case, by and large, the best head is who can create outside familiarity with required activities and the interior adaptability to adjust rapidly any initiative style as fitting. Presentation The reason for this paper is to fundamentally examine and assess a genuine pioneer in the light of different authority speculations and models. Along these lines, this paper will introduce a genuine case of creation chief going about as a transformational pioneer. The exposition will proceed to give a short record of the impact strategies, dynamic models, possibility factors, moral contemplations as showed by this specific chief. What's more, the qualities and shortcomings of transformational initiative

Exemplification Essay free essay sample

A generalization is an inclined thought regarding a gathering of individuals dependent on constrained data you have heard or seen and thought to be valid about each person in that gathering. In â€Å"Don’t Call Me a Hot Tamale,† Judith Ortiz Cofer portrays how being Puerto Rican influences her consistently. Individuals offer inconsiderate remarks about her, in light of her ethnicity, and without knowing her. Cofer depicts how she was generalized in various circumstances. From being contrasted with a Latina character in a play to having her way of life confounded. She doesn't battle against this equivocate thoughts. Rather, she goes around the United States and peruses from her books and verse attempting to clear generalizations about Latinos. As Cofer depict â€Å"replace them with an additionally intriguing arrangement of realities† (Cofer 666). Be that as it may, people are as yet being overstated ordered by their way of life. In the first place, like how Cofer was contrasted with a character from the West Side Stories, well known Asian characters in motion pictures likewise make generalizations for Asian Americans. After ladies start to utilize SlimLipo for stomach liposuctions, the lipo gives them a compliment stomach with their abs being appeared with a hopeful body. At that point SlimLipo evacuates any of the fat tissue overlying their stomach muscles, making them have a more slender appearance. SlimLipo likewise disclose to ladies how it will viably copy the fat, and expel the additional fat from any undesirable territory. As indicated by SlimLipo notices, when they start this procedure they ought to get a fine-conditioned body. TV notices have had the option to draw a great deal of ladies consideration with the Tummy Tuck Miracle Slimming. Belly tucks are the most widely recognized plastic medical procedure needed by ladies. Since it is more earnestly to attempt to lose your lower abs, ladies discover stomach tucks an approach to get an optimistic body. The belly fold straightens your midsection by evacuating any fat and fixing muscles. Stomach Tuck Miracle Slimming will in a split second eradicate inches, there are no symptoms given, and give ladies a smoother or firmer hopeful picture. As per Tummy Tuck Miracle Slimming the aftereffects of this item conveys a picture that is so â€Å"shocking. † Sometimes plastic medical procedure will leave ladies in torment with additional issues after the system. Be that as it may, publicizing items will in any case urge ladies to get intrigued by plastic medical procedure. Web promotions have indicated Botox Cosmetics, a physician endorsed medication that is infused into your muscles, a route for wrinkles in your face to leave with no medical procedure. It is extraordinary for doctors to recommend Botox infusion; when ladies start to see wrinkles in their skin, for the most part in their face, or around their eyes, they start to need Botox. Botox for the most part would improve the appearance of serious scowl lines between ladies eyebrows, for a short measure of time. As indicated by web notices about Botox Cosmetics â€Å"All it takes is a couple of moments of your time and a couple of little infusions. Inside days, you can have perceptible improvement enduring four months or more. † Botox Cosmetics is promoted to give ladies a superior method to lose the wrinkles inside their countenances that generally can't vanish. Despite the fact that ladies have gotten ready to depend on plastic medical procedure; web commercials has drawn their consideration. TV and web commercials have had the option to convince ladies into feeling that they could have a hopeful body. Thus, numerous ladies may not be worried about any wellbeing hazard that they may experience. Nor are they thinking about the expense of thousands of dollars for them to get conditioned, while just how this could turn into a propensity that is unfortunate. It is basic that ladies comprehend that facing these challenges could influence their wellbeing. Ladies ought not be effectively impacted or edgy to change their body when it isn't required. Web and TV commercials make ladies edgy to change their bodies to get great and by disposing of what they may detest the most. There will consistently be an assortment of TV and web ads that attention on the best way to get free the undesirable zones of the body, and to have a hopeful body. Be that as it may, it is up to the ladies, models, and big names to know about the upsides and downsides of having a conditioned body.

Funny quotes

Funny quotes “I am going to call my kids Ctrl, Alt and Delete. Then if they muck up I will just hit them all at once.” Author Unknown“A computer once beat me at chess, but it was no match for me at kick boxing.” Emo Philips My life needs editing. Mort Sahl“By the time a man realizes that his father was right, he has a son who thinks he’s wrong.” Charles WadsworthLadies first. Pretty ladies sooner. Author Unknown“Men marry women with the hope they will never change. Women marry men with the hope they will change. Invariably they are both disappointed.” Albert Einstein“The quickest way to double your money is to fold it over and put it back in your pocket.” Will RogersA successful man is one who makes more money than his wife can spend. A successful woman is one who can find such a man. Lana Turner“Before you criticize someone, you should walk a mile in their shoes. That way when you criticize them, you are a mile away from them and you have their shoes.” Jack HandeyA day without sunshine is like, you know, night. Steve MartinA lot of people are afraid of heights. Not me, Im afraid of widths. Steven WrightHousework cant kill you, but why take a chance? Phyllis DillerA stockbroker urged me to buy a stock that would triple its value every year. I told him, At my age, I dont even buy green bananas.' Claude PepperMy most brilliant achievement was my ability to be able to persuade my wife to marry me. Winston ChurchillThe only time a woman really succeeds in changing a man is when he is a baby. Natalie WoodI would never die for my beliefs because I might be wrong. Bertrand RussellI never drink water because of the disgusting things that fish do in it. W. C. FieldsIm writing a book. Ive got the page numbers done. Steven WrightOriginality is the fine art of remembering what you hear but forgetting where you heard it. Laurence J. PeterA womans mind is cleaner than a mans: She changes it more often. Oliver HerfordWhy do they call it rush hour when nothing mo ves? Robin WilliamsTheres no such thing as soy milk. Its soy juice. Lewis BlackMy uncle Sammy was an angry man. He had printed on his tombstone: What are you looking at?' Margaret SmithIf at first you dont succeed, find out if the loser gets anything. William Lyon PhelpsMail your packages early so the post office can lose them in time for Christmas. Johnny CarsonIf you die in an elevator, be sure to push the up button. Sam Levenson“If you think nobody cares if you’re alive, try missing a couple of payments.” Earl Wilson“A bank is a place that will lend you money if you can prove that you don’t need it.” Bob Hope“The human brain is a wonderful thing. It starts working the moment you are born, and never stops until you stand up to speak in public.” George JesselRegular naps prevent old age, especially if you take them while driving. Author UnknownMarriage is a relationship in which one person is always right and the other is the husband! Author Unknown

Business Practice Argumentative Essay The Decision...

Business Practice Argumentative Essay Amanda Rabius PHL/320 September 18, 2017 Hank Reeves Business Practice Argumentative Essay The decision-making process is a present and vital in the everyday hustle and bustle of business practices (INC). Although, making choices can be painful at times, the selections that are made define the success and quality of an organization. Any significant bad decision could throw a company off course. So, it is important that good decisions are made. Dictionary.com defines good as sound, valid and satisfactory for the purpose (DIC). But, to get more technical, let ‘s consider the definition of â€Å"good† when it comes to business decisions. Well, what is a â€Å"good† decision exactly? The answer may seem obvious,†¦show more content†¦And, it is clear that the Houston area is in demand for this beloved noodle bowl. But, regardless of the degree of market growth required to meet the business owner’s particular business goals and objectives, the need for growth and a plan to accomplish it is fundamental to a successful business venture. Without it, you will leave your business vulnerable to market pressures such as increased competition or regional economic downswings. For example, when expanding a business, a restaurant, retail or service – reproduction can easily be run from a distance. All you need is to launch a chain. All businesses need to grow to survive and starting a chain expands that business horizon. Since the owner of AGU knows that the first location was a success - he duplicated the plan with multiple locations in various areas while meeting increased customer demands. Typically, a business’s growth can also be measured by important statistics such as turnover, market share, profits, sales, or staff numbers (HBR – PROFITABILITY). According to the Harvard Business Review (HBR – PROFITABILITY), a project undertaken by the Marketing Science Institute on the PIMS (Profit Impact of Market Strategies) is â€Å"aimed at identifying and measuring the major determinants of return on investment (ROI) in individual businesses. Phase II of the PIMS project, completed in late 1973, reveals 37 key profit influences, of which one of the most importantShow MoreRelatedPhl 320 Critical Thinking and Decision Making in Business Complete Class996 Words   |  4 PagesPHL 320 Critical Thinking and Decision Making in Business Complete Class https://homeworklance.com/downloads/phl-320-critical-thinking-decision-making-business-complete-class/ PHL 320 Week 1 Critical Thinking Discussion and Summary Participate in a class discussion by responding to the following questions: †¢ How would you define critical thinking? What makes a person a critical thinker? †¢ Why is critical thinking important? Provide an example of how critical thinking has helped you inRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Type Indicator1700 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Assessment Essay Throughout the beginning of this semester I have looked at how individuals behave within business organizations. Through various exercises and results, I have found a number of patterns within my behavior and interests. I have become aware to what interests me, and a number of skills/abilities I was oblivious I had. This reflection and in class exercises have allowed me to expand my skills, abilities, and behaviors, well fitting them into prospective future employment. Read MoreKevin Hernandez Midyr Ushist3156 Words   |  13 Pagesv. Oregon, Supreme Court Decision DOCUMENT #4: Anti-Lynching Writing DOCUMENT #5: Women’s Suffrage Poster DOCUMENT #6: Map of Conservation Lands DOCUMENT #7: Child Labor and Education Statistics DOCUMENT #8: United States Anti-Trust Law DOCUMENT #9: Prohibition Documentary DOCUMENT #10: United States Immigration Law TAKING NOTES on the DOCUMENTS (Pros and Cons) ENGAGING IN ACADEMIC DISCUSSIONS (optional) MY ARGUMENTS ORGANIZER HISTORY WRITING TASK ASSESSMENT ARGUMENTATIVE SCORING RUBRIC – STUDENTRead MoreHealth Care Problems Of The United States3564 Words   |  15 Pagesbreaking an arm or coming down with a deathly illness. You have to introduce your quotations â€Å"Health care reform will be on the agenda for future sessions of Congress, because the economic pressures of rising health care costs on the federal government, business, and individuals are not going to abate† (King). Health care has become a pain for many reasons. It takes up time, money, and security. Having health care in the United States is a necessity; without this many hospitals do not admit a patient orRead MoreLeadership and A. True B.4260 Words   |  18 Pagesteams highly challenging 3. Research indicates that organizations can reap many benefits from employee participation and involvement. Which of the following is not one of the typical programs used in today’s organizations? (p. 250) a. group decision making b. teams c. social audits* d. profit sharing 4. Space X company provides an example of a company that: (p. 249) a. has moved fully towards team-based management b. combines teams with more traditional structures* c. continues to be successfulRead MoreCommunication Studies Syllabus- Caribbean Students12029 Words   |  49 Pagesrange of communicative experiences and to appreciate how language functions as an instrument of educational, social, personal, vocational and spiritual development. Particularly, it must provide opportunities for students to explore, in theory and practice, the use of register, code and style in relevant social contexts; 3. commitment to helping students understand the relationship between language, society and identity and to developing an awareness of language variety and diversity; 4. considerationRead MoreManagement: Social Responsibility and Page Ref19403 Words   |  78 Pages33 AACSB: Globalizations Objective: 2.2 8) When organizations go global, they often start by simply exporting products to one or more foreign countries. Answer: Explanation: Before exporting, organizations often begin the globalization process by outsourcing labor or materials. An example of outsourcing is having a factory in Asia manufacture products for a U.S. based company. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 34 AACSB: Globalizations Objective: 2.2 9) After the outsourcing stage, companiesRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesBarbara B. II. Title. Z678.S799 2007 025.1—dc22 2007007922 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright  © 2007 by Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007007922 ISBN: 978–1–59158–408–7 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk.) First published in 2007 Libraries Unlimited, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881Read MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagesexamples that are all to common and oft repeated. I can cite an extreme example of a project failure: There were seven state funded Research Bodies all running their own individual payroll, procurement, pensions HR functions. A decision was made to combine these functions into a shared service (SSC). A company was created that would eventually take delivery of and manage this combined service. The Research bodies were very reluctant to comply with a one size fits allRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPerception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change

The Process Of Making Flour Essay - 1378 Words

Today, grain are collecting and threshing by harvesting machines with large headers to put it in a grain wagon in order to transfer it to be stored (see Fig. 2). Making flour process is one of the most important steps before bread making that is obtained by grinding the seeds in a very huge milling machine (see Fig. 3). The process of making bread starts with collecting the ingredients like sugar, flour, milk, malt, salt and storing them in storage. Certain types of Lorries carry flour from which different types of bread are made of. Later on, it is put into containers that are found in a separate place taking the form of a tower. Other ingredients are left in the storage area (see Fig. 4). Special dough kneading machine that is provided with a powerful double screw is utilized in kneading process. While the ingredients are mixing together, the machine starts from a low to a high speed. The dough became ready during five minutes before transporting it to the next place where it is pr oportioned (see Fig. 5). Divider is a very special machine used to divide the dough into parts of a certain weight that are considered. These pieces are transported from the divider to machine taking the con shape which is responsible for give them a rounded shape which in their turn are left to be fermented for about nine minutes. After germination process, the rounded shapes are formed in a long oval form. The spheres are kneaded flat and then rolled up (see Fig. 6). White bread is baked in aShow MoreRelatedBread Making : A Unique Segment Of Rheology1730 Words   |  7 PagesBread making is certainly a unique segment of rheology. As mentioned earlier, rheology is the study of the flow and deformation of a material. In the case of bread making, it is difficult to disturb the process without botching up the structure of the material. Brick and mortar stores have an intuitive feel for how bread dough is supposed to feel but that is impossible to calculate it on the industrial scale. It is in this area, that the study of rheology plays a huge role. In this section, we willRead More The Formality Of Baking Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagespoint to making dough. There are many varieties to dough that require different attention. Lean dough requires a lesser amount of fat and sugar and therefore it is the leanest of all bread products. The types of breads that have fewer amounts of fat and sugar are French, Italian, Kaiser rolls, and pizza bread†(Gisslen, p66, ch4). There are dough’s with a higher fat content which provide a taster result. The short dough has a very high fat content. The short dough consist of having flour, sugar, andRead MoreThe Science of Wheat Flour692 Words   |  3 PagesMost bread is made with wheat flour and when this flour is either kneaded or beaten, gluten starts to develop. This gives the dough its elasticity and its stretchy consistency. When the gluten proteins are coated with water high molecular weight glycoprotein wea kened due to the cutting action of kneading and mixing and they are rearranged into layers to form gluten. The two main proteins involved in the gluten making process are gliadin and glutenin. When starches are heated in water, they suckRead MoreFunctional Foods And Its Effect On The Risks Of Chronic Diseases Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing in popularity in sectors such as dairy products or confectionery, in bakery it is still relatively underdeveloped. Bread is one such important staple food and the most widely consumed bakery product all over the world. In bread making, the use of white flour (refined) has been increased with an aim of improving the aesthetic value of white bread, which in-turn led to drastic reduction in the nutritional density and fiber content when compared to bread made from whole grain cereals. In recentRead MoreChemistry Project1446 Words   |  6 PagesCHEMISTRY PROJECT :AIM: TO COMPARE RATE OF FERMENTATION OF GIVEN SAMPLE OF WHEAT FLOUR,GRAM FLOUR,RICE FLOUR AND POTATO. SUBMITTED BY :- NAME: Shreyas kelkar CLASS:XII A ROLL NO: 26 INDEX # AIM # CERTIFICATE # ACKNOWLEDGEMENT # DECLARATION # OBJECTIVE # INTRODUCTION # MATERIALS REQUIRED # PROCEDURE # OBSERVATIONS # BIBLIOGRAPHY CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this project is submitted by SHREYAS KELKAR to the chemistry department, KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO. 1, INDORE was carried outRead MoreI Nuzzled My Head Closer To The Scratchy Grey Wool Of My1580 Words   |  7 Pagesmoments so pure they feel as timeless as the Father who created them. My dad squeezed my shoulders and kissed the top of my head. He asked if I would like to help him make some caramel roll dough, and I readily agreed; in my mind the practice of bread making continued precious memories from my childhood as if the crafting of bread allowed that thread from years ago to be picked up again, right where we left off – my dad on the right, and I on his left. I was young, around ten, when I first became interestedRead MoreEngineering the Perfect Batch of Chocolate Chip Cookies Essay681 Words   |  3 Pageschip cookies are a truly remarkable treat. In the cookie-baking process, little balls of wet dough are transformed into a crispy, brown and delicious treat. Baking the perfect batch of cookies is not easy. Morphing cookies from dough to deliciousness is a difficult process that takes a lot of time and preparation. Don’t be embarrassed if you have ever baked a terrible batch of cookies that wasn’t quite what you were expecting. Making a perfect batch is a task that takes some practice; your cookiesRead MoreHow to Make Chinese Dumplings814 Words   |  4 Pagesmake a bowl of traditional Chinese dumplings. The first and most important step of making dumplings is to produce the wrappings or skins of dumplings. The wrappings are mixture of water and flours. In a bowl, put the water into the flours, and knead it by hand to form the mixture into smooth dough. The mixture ratio of water and flours are one to four. Because if put more water into the mixture of water and flour, it is easy to put the filling mixture and wrapping together, but when you boiling theRead MoreShortcrust Pastry and Tarts1208 Words   |  5 PagesShortcrust pastry is composed of flour, fat, salt, binder and some sugar. It can be sweet or savory, depending on the type of dish we want to prepare. There are several forms of this pastry, and they have different textures depending on ratio of ingredients used. No matter what sort of recipe you use, shortcrust pastry has to be worked as quickly as possible and left to rest in the refrigerator before use. There are two methods of making shortcrust pastry: 1. Rub-in Method or Sablà ©e Method ThisRead MoreMaking Yeast Doughs1805 Words   |  7 Pagesingredients used in making yeast doughs – flour, water, yeast and salt. Lean doughs contain these four, with or without addition of little sugar or fat. So how come there are so many kinds of different breads: crunchy baguette, chewy bagel, soft rolls†¦? Proper manipulation of these same ingredients can result with large variety of breads. If you add some more fat, sugar and eggs to this mixture, you will make enriched yeast dough. Making Yeast Doughs There are nine basic steps in making yeast dough:

Women of Different Eras Free Essays

Shops was a woman of Ancient Greece that history sees as a mystery. Her life is a mystery because not much is known about her or her poems that she wrote because only bits and pieces are left of her works. During this period, women were not known to be well educated individuals like Shops, only men. We will write a custom essay sample on Women of Different Eras or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women were to be caretakers of the house and bear the man’s children. Shops went â€Å"against the grain† and made a name for herself as a well-known lyric poetess, which means her poetry was made Into songs and played with a musical Instrument called a lyre. Furthermore, Shops poems were connected to emotions and feelings from her heart when she wrote. It did not matter If she wrote her poems to a woman or a man. Society took this and ran with her emotions and labeled Shops as a lesbian. Society is still the same then as it is now, speculating that a person is gay or lesbian because they only have â€Å"girlfriends†. It is still called stereotyping. It was not taken into consideration that Shops was married and had a daughter. Also no evidence was presented to prove this allegation. On the other hand, Muralist did not have such a time being stereotyped because he was not labeled like Shops. Like Shops, Muralist was a mystery because her real name was not known. During the Hein Period, â€Å"real names of noblewomen were not usually known; Muralist Skibob was actually the author’s nickname in court circles In The Tale of Genii† (Anta, 2008, Para. 7). Women of the Hein period also had a social position to uphold for the sake of family, something In Ancient Greece would not even been heard. A woman would not be seen outside the house or for that matter even give her point of view on a situation. Noblewomen from Japan and women from Ancient Greece had another difference in their time periods. Ancient Greece women did not have law that required them to have their face covered if they were not in the presence of their own family. The noblewomen were to be a mystery to the men they were to marry, even if it was an arranged marriage between the fathers of the families. In Ancient Greece the fathers also arranged their daughter’s weddings to an ideal suitor. Another similarity that both eras have is polygamy for the men in their marriages. The men of Japan had many wives and their wives would live with her parents. In Ancient Greece the men also had many wives, but would ravel from house to house to be with the different wives. Mural was considered the first famous novelist In Japan. Like Shops she wrote with her heart her stories In her novel â€Å"The Tale of Cancel†. It took Mural several years to finish her masterpiece. An educated woman in Japan was believed to be studied and knew Japan prose which is a form of writing they were also more popular with the women of the courts than the men. Even though Shops and Muralist were from different time periods, both ladies were successful authors of poems and novels. How to cite Women of Different Eras, Papers

Women of Different Eras Free Essays

Shops was a woman of Ancient Greece that history sees as a mystery. Her life is a mystery because not much is known about her or her poems that she wrote because only bits and pieces are left of her works. During this period, women were not known to be well educated individuals like Shops, only men. We will write a custom essay sample on Women of Different Eras or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women were to be caretakers of the house and bear the man’s children. Shops went â€Å"against the grain† and made a name for herself as a well-known lyric poetess, which means her poetry was made Into songs and played with a musical Instrument called a lyre. Furthermore, Shops poems were connected to emotions and feelings from her heart when she wrote. It did not matter If she wrote her poems to a woman or a man. Society took this and ran with her emotions and labeled Shops as a lesbian. Society is still the same then as it is now, speculating that a person is gay or lesbian because they only have â€Å"girlfriends†. It is still called stereotyping. It was not taken into consideration that Shops was married and had a daughter. Also no evidence was presented to prove this allegation. On the other hand, Muralist did not have such a time being stereotyped because he was not labeled like Shops. Like Shops, Muralist was a mystery because her real name was not known. During the Hein Period, â€Å"real names of noblewomen were not usually known; Muralist Skibob was actually the author’s nickname in court circles In The Tale of Genii† (Anta, 2008, Para. 7). Women of the Hein period also had a social position to uphold for the sake of family, something In Ancient Greece would not even been heard. A woman would not be seen outside the house or for that matter even give her point of view on a situation. Noblewomen from Japan and women from Ancient Greece had another difference in their time periods. Ancient Greece women did not have law that required them to have their face covered if they were not in the presence of their own family. The noblewomen were to be a mystery to the men they were to marry, even if it was an arranged marriage between the fathers of the families. In Ancient Greece the fathers also arranged their daughter’s weddings to an ideal suitor. Another similarity that both eras have is polygamy for the men in their marriages. The men of Japan had many wives and their wives would live with her parents. In Ancient Greece the men also had many wives, but would ravel from house to house to be with the different wives. Mural was considered the first famous novelist In Japan. Like Shops she wrote with her heart her stories In her novel â€Å"The Tale of Cancel†. It took Mural several years to finish her masterpiece. An educated woman in Japan was believed to be studied and knew Japan prose which is a form of writing they were also more popular with the women of the courts than the men. Even though Shops and Muralist were from different time periods, both ladies were successful authors of poems and novels. How to cite Women of Different Eras, Papers

Marketing Mix Used by Big Bazaar free essay sample

Marketing Mix Used by Big Bazaar 1. ) Pricing: The pricing objective is to gain the â€Å"Maximum Market Share†. Pricing at Big Bazaar is based on the following techniques: a. ) Value Pricing (EDLP- Every Day Low Pricing): Big Bazaar promises consumers the lowest available price without coupon clipping, waiting for promotions, or comparison shopping. b. ) Promotional Pricing: Big Bazaar offers financing at low interest rate. The concept of psychological discounting (Rs. 49, Rs. 99, Rs. 99 etc) is also used to attract customers. Big Bazaar also caters on Special Event Pricing (close to Diwali, Durga Pooja). c. ) Differentiating Pricing: Differentiating pricing i. e. difference in rate based on peak and non-peak hours or days of shopping is also a pricing techniques used in Indian retail, which is aggressively used by Big Bazaar. For example, Wednesday Bazaar. d. ) Bundling: It refers to selling combo-packs and offering discount to customers. The combo-packs add value to cu stomer and lead to increased sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix Used by Big Bazaar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Big Bazaar lays a lot of importance on bundling. Ex: Good Day family packs at Rs. 60(Price of 1 pack is Rs. 22) 2 kg oil + 5 kg rice + 5 kg sugar for Rs 299 2. ) Place: The Big Bazaar stores are operational across three formats – Hypermarkets spread over 40000-50000 sq ft, The Express format over 15000-20000 sq ft and the Super Centers set up over 1 Lakhs sq ft. Currently Big Bazaar operates in over 34 cities and towns across India with 116 stores. Apart from the Metros these stores are also doing well in the tier II cities. These stores are normally located in high traffic areas. Big Bazaar aims at starting stores in developing areas to take an early advantage before the real estate value booms. In order to get competitive advantage Big Bazaar has also launched a website (www. futurebazaar. com), which helps customers to orders products online which will be delivered to their doorstep. This helps in saving a lot of time of its customers. 3. ) Promotions: Big Bazaar is using various promotional schemes which includes: I. Saal ke sabse saste 3 din II. Hafte ka sabse sasta din â€Å"Wednesday Bazaar† III. Future card (3% discount) IV. Shakti card V. Exchange Offers â€Å" Junk swap offer† VI. Brand Endorsement by famous Indian Cricketer M. S. Dhoni and actress Asin VII. Advertisement(using Print as well as Broadcast Media) Big Bazaar has also come up with 3 catchy lines written on hoardings taking on biggies like Westside, Life Style and Shoppers Stop and those are: * Keep West – a side. Make a smart choice! Change your Lifestyle. Make a smart choice! * Shoppers! Stop. Make a smart choice! 4. ) Product: Big Bazaar generally deals in national level brands like Lee, Levis etc, other than this is also deals in some private label brands DJC in apparel, KORIA in electronics etc. Then about the product categories, that are: FMCG, FOOD NON- FOOD junction, Staple items, fruits vegetables, fashion apparels, chill section, home decorator, footwear, book zone, CDs etc.

Listen to Your Parents Speech free essay sample

Why should you listen to your parents? It seemed that such a simple question should not cause controversy. However, insisting on unquestioning obedience, parents can get the wrong kind of love of their children, which they count on. What should be the basis of the relationship between parents and children? Naughty Children and Styles of Upbringing Why did disobedient children not please their parents? Adults have to make efforts: to restrain, control, repeat, refuse, punish and prevent in order to make such children behaving normally. They do not want to strain themselves in making children listen to your parents. It would be more convenient for the child to be controlled, like a toy with a remote control.Nevertheless, development specialists are not inclined to sympathize with the parents of disobedient children they, on the contrary, are alarmed by obedient children dependent on parental will. In difficult or unusual situations, instead of mobilizing, they lose and pass. We will write a custom essay sample on Listen to Your Parents Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the family circle, this is not visible. But coming to life, they show a very low level of adaptability and survive only in closed, strictly organized disciplines communities or in conditions of complete stagnation, when one day looks like another.Obedience often means the absence of negative emotions in children: good boys and girls never get angry, they obediently react even to parental aggression. They are taught not to disturb parents and other important people, not to create problems, not to be angry, and so on. Growing up in conditions of hard taboos, together with bad emotions they suppress the positive. They do not know how to rejoice, and they feel uncomfortable even on their birthday. The style of parenting models the overall orientation of the childs personality and its degree of obedience. The authoritarian style is the active suppression of the will of the child, and today not only the fathers but also mothers gravitate to it. At first, the children are literally trained, that is, they force them to repeat the commands many times until the performance reaches a high speed so that there was no time to think. The task of education is solved in the same way: do not argue that it is interesting and what is not, learn everything by heart, if you do not understand. On the contrary, democratic style implies the right to vote and the childs involvement in activities. And although some things are not discussed, because they do not fall within the responsibility of the child, the basic format of communication between the parent and the child are not orders, but an agreement. Children brought up in this vein do not ask the question should you always listen to your parents, because they know that parents are not dictators, but advisers. There is also a mixed style, in which parents sometimes tighten the nuts, and sometimes weaken. Children adapt to it, living their carefree life from flogging to flogging. Two Main Consequences Parents experience excessive happiness if the child is obedient. In fact, duplicity and indifference are the two main consequences of this behavior. Double-dealing Keeping a double life, one for the parents and the other for oneself becomes the usual behavior for the child. Normal relationships with peers, minor pranks, reckless entertainment are hidden from the parental eye. Its convenient for him: the adults are calm and do not yell at seizures, and he enjoys life. And often you can observe the parents sincere surprise when they learn about the true behavior of the child, for example, from the teacher in the school. Keeping a double life is a defense against uncomprehending parents, but the manifestation of apathy is more dangerous. There is complete indifference to the surrounding world and the most terrible to yourself. There is no own opinion, there is an eternal alarm, how will parents react to a specific action. Indifference In the child, a feeling of own impotence and uselessness arises, and the realization of this comes with age. Meanwhile, adults are immensely happy with their obedient child. Such behavior, in their opinion, is worthy of praise. Apathy, indifference, lack of social activity are the main consequences of wonderful obedience for the joy of parents. As a result, unfortunate citizens grow up creating the gray mass of their country.By obeying adults, the child loses his personal desires and aspirations. Becoming a slave and obedient, he will be uninteresting to other people. For the first time such problems emerge in the school, they become more serious in the institute, especially if the child, after listening to his parents, went to a different university than he wanted. And all this is achieved by parents who want good. This is the same situation when the question when should you not listen to your parents has a direct answer. Conclusion But how to live with children, if they are not required obeying? The answer is obvious. Mutual relations of parents with children should be built on respect, as, for example, with friends, co-workers, neighbors. Ask the child to do something, but do not order. Try to negotiate, discuss the problem. Consider the childs arguments if he stubbornly refuses something. Children should help when they themselves want it, and forced help is more like bondage. Accustoming to work forcibly can lead to a complete aversion to it. Love for children is inherent in nature, and respect is not. Respect for children will lead to the most fruitful results. At the first stages of growing up it will be difficult to accept delusional childrens thoughts, but eventually, the child will also change, knowing that his parents are on equal terms with him.Sincere, conscious obedience is possible only in a relationship of trust when the child recognizes that the parent is still coping better with the problems. Unlike strict, unconditional subordination in confidential relations, a child can ask questions that interest him, without fear of incurring the wrath of the parent. Parents should often ask questions to the child, making it clear that the problem may have several solutions and now you are thinking about which option to prefer. How do you think its best to do it? Can I count on your help? Can I ask you to do this?. Only an approach based on trust and respect can help to grow a self-confident personality, and even the question do you have to listen to your parents when your 18 will not arise in such situation.

buy custom History of Francos Spain 1936-1975 essay

buy custom History of Franco's Spain 1936-1975 essay During this era Spain was under the leadership of Dictator Fransisco Franco. Although he managed to isolate Spain from the rest of the world, the Spanish sportsmen were still interested in participating in international sporting events notably cycling. Despite the insufficient funding from the government, they continued to solicit sponsorship funds from the private sector. However, they faced a lot of opposition from the fascist regime who opposed capitalist support of the sport. But with their strong determination they were able to push on with this sporting event, as indicated by the many professional cycling events that were staged and participated by the Spanish team. This paper will seek to analyze some of the cycling events that were staged during the years 1936-1975. In 1936 the first edition of Vuelta cycling competition was held though with the nationalistic flavor. This was a clear indication that the Franco regime was keenly interested on the nationalists as opposed to the republicans. In 1941 the second edition of Vuelta competition was held. And the cyclists were supposed to cover a distance of 4442 km. The series was consecutive staged in the years 1942 and 1945, although it only involved the Spanish nationals. Although foreign participation resumed in 1946, the Spanish cycling team remained limited due to the economic and diplomatic barriers imposed after the Second World War. The economic depression in Spain caused the abandonment of the event between 1950 and 1955. This continued until 1960s after an end of autarky regime, during this period there was an economic boom which consequently translated to the apparent rise of Spanish cycling competition. The opening up of Spain in the late 1960s also boosted the international participation of Spanish sport people and hence had an overall positive impact on sports. Other sports like football and basketball also started gaining popularity and have since then attained an international mark. Buy custom History of Franco's Spain 1936-1975 essay

Television and Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Television and Children - Essay Example This was agreed on by a number of agencies including the US Surgeon General, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Medical Association, the American Psychology Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics and many other scientific and public health agencies and organizations. Kunkel reports on three major conclusions of a National Television Violence Study which was carried out. The first was that the incidence of violence is indeed very high. According to the study 60% of approximately 10,000 programs sampled in the study contained violent material. The researchers identified an average of 6,000 violent interactions in a single week on 23 channels. The study also pointed out that the way in which violence is presented on television increases the harmful risk to children. The reasons suggested for this were that the harm caused by the violence on television is not portrayed realistically. The way violence is presented understates how much harm these acts in reality cause the victim. It also shows violence performed by role model who show no remorse and suffer no repercussions for their aggressive behavior. The third conclusion of the study was also worrisome. The portrayal of violence has remained consistent over the past years. This stability indicates that efforts are not effective to change the portrayal of violence on television. The potential for violence on television to lead to aggressive behavior in children is not the only negative effect of television viewing in young children. Children can develop a fear of the world around them when they are exposed to violent and scary happenings on television. These images can be seen by children on regular television shows or even on the news. When children cannot distinguish between reality and fantasy they can become affected

Crash 2005 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Crash 2005 - Movie Review Example From this paper it is clear that  more than a being a picture, Crash is a social documentary of how racism or the tendency to discriminate and systematically oppress others is deeply rooted in our society as defined by Scupin. It is the perfect analogy of how we as a human race deal with life, people and our own experiences. Physical characteristics and racial differences may be interpreted as two distinguishing traits that separate us.  This reseach highlights that  another example of this occurred at the beginning of the film when the Persian family was attempting to purchase a gun. The clerk at the gun shop made a few blatantly racist comments about the perceptions of the customers. There were several references to the twin towers and planes. It didn’t matter that the two were Persian, not Arab. A reoccurring theme was that post 9/11, all Middle Eastern people became potential terrorists. It is amazing that people have the ability to interpret bad events and cast thei r own prejudices on different ethnic groups to mask their feeling of anger and frustration.  Certain stereotypes have stood the test of time, no matter how many strides for racial equality have been made.  Perhaps stereotypes like that have maintained their prevalence because there are so many people that perpetuate them. It is often believed that all young black men are destined to be thugs, criminals and drug dealers. Additionally it is a common statistic that the majority of incarcerated males are African American.... Another example of this occurred at the beginning of the film when the Persian family was attempting to purchase a gun. The clerk at the gun shop made a few blatantly racist comments about the perceptions of the customers. There were several references to the twin towers and planes. It didn't matter that the two were Persian, not Arab. A reoccurring theme was that post 9/11, all Middle Eastern people became potential terrorists. It is amazing that people have the ability to interpret bad events and cast their own prejudices on different ethnic groups to mask their feeling of anger and frustration. Certain stereotypes have stood the test of time, no matter how many strides for racial equality have been made. Sandra Bullock's character made the statement about the relationship between white and black people: "If a white woman sees two black men walking towards her and turns the other way, she's a racist. Well I got scared and didn't' say anything, and the next thing I knew, I had a gun shoved in my head!" Perhaps stereotypes like that have maintained their prevalence because there are so many people that perpetuate them. It is often believed that all young black men are destined to be thugs, criminals and drug dealers. Additionally it is a common statistic that the majority of incarcerated males are African American. As a young black man, it must be difficult to break free of that stereotype. "Things will never change." That attitude along with the perpetuation of existing stereotypes may be largely responsible for negative racial longevity. Ludacris' character was one of the most interesting to me. Here was this articulate young

Hong Kongs Economy Development

Hong Kongs Economy Development Hong Kong Economy 1. Introduction The development of a knowledge-based economy is a global trend. By 2003, Hong Kong was following this direction to transform into a knowledge-based economy. During this economic restructuring, Hong Kong was suffering from structural unemployment, marginal labour and mismatches of jobs. 2. The importance for HK to develop its human capital According to population’s statistic, the median age of the labour force increased from 34 in 1991 to 37 in 2001 due to ageing of the overall population and delayed entry into the labour force as a result of increased postsecondary educational opportunities. Unlike, increases in gross domestic product (GDP), increases in the quality of human capital show the extent to which development has reached the population. Investment in education that caters to the immediate needs of industry both foreign and domestic is essential. The educational system should also maintain the long-term goal of self-reliance and promoting programmes that create thinkers, innovator and entrepreneurs. Because of Hong Kong’s neighbours such as Singapore has already owned a completely human capital strategy for rising in competitiveness. So Hong Kong needs to optimize the economic structure and labour pool. Obviously, Hong Kong need invest to human capital to reinforce the strengths of its four main economic pillars finance, logistics, tourism and manufacturing services. The accumulation of human capital is an important contributor to economic growth. Although human capital takes at least eight years to mature and requires constant support, its returns are fundamental for improvement. Investment in human capital has proven successful in many developing nations. The attainment of education can contribute significantly to the generation of overall output in economy. The general finding is that more educated individuals tend to have higher employment rate and earnings and produce more output relative to those who are less educated. Moreover, education is deemed as an investment that enables individuals to be equipped with knowledge and skills that improve their employability and productive capacity. 3. The role of Government The role of the government should be establishing the enabling environment and that of the public and private sectors as active partners in the provision of the economic services. Collaboration between public and private sectors in the productive economy is an area where the optimal use of public and private sector resources can create added value for a society as a whole. 4. Best work together with Private and Public sectors The government should coordinate between the public and private sectors and give them some beneficial policy or regulation for their collaboration. Ideally, the collaboration between them should prefer use a project base. Moreover, the project should have a strong political commitment, open mindedness, clear responsibilities and the correct apportionment of risk for them. As a result, the private sector should cover the main commercial risks, including project completion risk, operating cost and market demand. However, the private sector may not be able to absorb the full market risk when it is not given direct access to the market. In these cases, long-term take or pay contracts with government may be required. Another partnership, a fine balance must be struck by the public sector between easing risk perceptions of private sector partners and maintaining sufficient incentives for the efficient private sector management of projects. 5. Hong Kong needs Managerial and Professional people During economic restructuring, the proportion of professionals, associate professionals, managers and administrators in the working population increased from 3 .7%, 10.5% And 9.4% respectively in 1991 to 5.9%, 16.2% and 11 .4% respectively in 2001. It represent that Hong Kong focus on develop its four economic pillars. Therefore, Hong Kong need many high-level people with managerial experiences in the fields of finance, tourism and logistic and manufacturing. Moreover, Hong Kong will also need professional to develop the high value-add industry such as software development and innovative multi-media. HK government also has the admission scheme to utilize the foreign talents and mainland’s professionals. 6. The advantages and disadvantages of the Admission of Talents Scheme and the Admission of Mainland Professionals Scheme The Advantage of two schemes Attract talents from outside Hong Kong with expertise and skills not readily available locally, who could enhance the competitiveness of the territorys economy as manufacturing or services centre, particularly in technology-based, knowledge intensive or high-value-added activities. Different country’s talent come to Hong Kong, it can make the Hong Kong has an international image. The disadvantage of two schemes If the government is wrong to evaluate the application and approve the talent or professional for admission into HK, it may affect the local job vacancy. The disadvantage of the Admission of Mainland Professionals Scheme Unlike talent schemes, the existing policy on entry of Mainland professionals was so restrictive that less than 600 Mainlanders were admitted under the Admission of Mainland Professionals Scheme in the past two years. 7. Hong Kong Long-Term Policy The following policies could be used to improve the quality of skills in the Hong Kong’s economy for long-term: 7.1 Education and Manpower Policy The HK government should continue to pursue extensive programmes to upgrade the educational attainment of population at all levels. At the same time, it also will promote and facilitate skills upgrading and life-long education. Especially, the low-level workers will need these programmes to enhance their skills to meet the changing demands of the economy. Consequently, HK government will adopt a strategic, responsive and coordinated approach to manpower planning and development. 7.2 Admission of Mainland Professionals and Talent The HK government should provide more flexibility and incentives to tertiary institutions to attract academics and students from the Mainland and overseas. Also, it may continue to improve arrangements for Mainland businessmen to visit Hong Kong for business-related purposes. To step up efforts to encourage Hong Kong people being educated overseas to return to live and work here. 7.3 Training and Other Needs of New Arrivals The HK Government should continue to provide and develop appropriate programmes to address the training needs of new arrivals of different age-groups and foster closer partnership between the Government and Non-governmental Organizations to identify and address the needs of new arrivals in HK. This helps to enhance the employment skills of new arrivals. 7.4 Investment Immigrants The HK government should extend the existing immigration policy to cater for persons who will make substantial investment (HK$6.5 million) in Hong Kong but do not themselves run a business i.e. capital investment entrants and to apply this extended policy initially to foreign nationals, residents of Macao SAR and Taiwan. 7.5 Policies Impacting on Childbirth The HK government should continue with current family planning programmes emphasizing healthy, Planned Parenthood. On the other hand, HK government also should encourage the citizens to bear child and consider to granting the same level of tax deduction for all children irrespective of number. 7.6 Elderly Policy The HK government should revisit and redefine the notion of retirement and old age and continue to develop programmes that promote active and healthy aging. As a result, it may develop a sustainable financial support system for the needy elderly. 7.7 Mobility of population The HK government should have some policies to enhance mobility of people, portability in welfare, education and housing entitlements should be introduced. Cross-border taxation should also be studied. 7.8 Portability of Benefits For longer term, the HK government should address the issue of portability of public benefits taking into account the pace of economic integration with the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and examine in detail the cost implications of portable benefits on the Government fiscal position and the local economy. 7.9 Reorganization of mainland universities The HK Government should recognize the qualification from the mainland universities. The mutual recognition of professional and academic qualification between Hong Kong and the PRD needs to be speeded up. More generally, standards between Hong Kong and the PRD should be harmonized through a benchmarking process. 8. Conclusion As Hong Kong developing into an innovative and knowledge-based society, Hong Kong was suffering from structural unemployment, marginal labour. Therefore, the HK government should have a series of population policies to improve Hong Kongs soft and hard infrastructure to meet the challenges of a knowledge-based economy. Moreover, this population policy will be designed to fit Hong Kongs long-term social and economic development, complement family requirements and address the interests of different sectors.

Adultery and Society Essay

Much has already been said about Couples – John Updike’s controversial 1968 novel about the lives and indiscretions of well-off couples living in the suburban town of Tarbox, Boston. At first glance, the novel may seem like a run of the mill erotic novel – tawdry and titillating, but nothing more. This was, in fact, the common perception that greeted the novel on its debut in 1968, hence its notoriety as a â€Å"controversial† novel. Much of its hype, however, is not lost, considering the amount of sex – illicit and otherwise – that graces the pages of the novel, as well as the forthright manner with which Updike boldly discusses these activities. Scandal and notoriety prevented a proper and contextual understanding of Updike’s novel, leaving it languishing in literary purgatory. In time, however, with the changes in society and modern views on sex, Updike’s Couples has, to some degree, been resurrected and reevaluated with a different perspective and point of view. Though still shocking in its extensive discussion of adultery and lecherous behavior in general, the novel has finally emerged from under its tag as a bawdy piece of B-rated literature to become one of Updike’s signature novels. No longer viewed as eroticized sensationalism, the novel is now seen as a representation of Updike’s most striking leitmotif: suburban adultery. If not erotica for eroticism’s sake, what then is the central thought in Updike’s Couples? Such is the question that this paper now intends to answer. This paper posits that John Updike’s Couples reflects the collapse of traditional values in the face of modernity particularly in the early 1960s. With the parameters of sexuality shattered by the advent of birth control, wealthy men and women living the â€Å"perfect† life are actually morally in disarray. Society, despite its beautiful and urbane facade, is in reality rotting away and slowly experiencing a moral decay. The beauty of suburbia and its polished citizens stand in sharp contrast to the breakdown of social norms and propriety. Such is the theme of John Updike’s Couples. To prove so, it is necessary to first look into the writer himself, John Updike. Much of his writings reflect his personal opinions, of course, and understanding the writer will most certainly provide a better contextual understanding of the novel. Moreover, it is necessary that a discussion of the era (early 1960s, under the Kennedy administration) be conducted in order to fully relay the circumstances that give way to the morally reprehensible â€Å"system† established by the titular couples. Lastly, this paper shall look into the juxtaposition of aesthetics (the beauty of both the people and the suburban town they inhabit) and the rotten structure of banality they willingly cling to. These are the significant aspects of John Updike’s Couples that shall be discussed. First of all, who was John Updike? Little is known about Updike’s childhood, except that he was born to a middle class Pennsylvania family in 1932. John Updike’s interest in writing began with his mother’s instructions, herself a prolific writer. His mother’s influence proved intense and enduring, giving him the strength and courage to continue with writing. Despite the lack of sufficient funds for his education, Updike’s talents received recognition and earned him a full scholarship at Harvard University, where he joined the Harvard Lampoon. Upon graduation, he joined the New Yorker, which published his first story, Friends from Philadelphia, in 1954. The story would soon be followed by several more of his writings, all published through the New Yorker. By the end of the 1950s, Updike was reaping the fruits of a successful literary career (Pritchard 2000, p. 2). It was not, however, his writing technique that caught the fancy of critics. Though fluid and never boring, it is not his efficient style that gained support for John Updike. Unfortunately, his choice of subject matter overshadowed his style of writing, essentially giving way to the â€Å"controversial† tag. Couples is just one example of his unique point of view and manner of describing even the most intimate of details (Amidon 2005, p. 51). The mention and overt discussion of sex remained quite touchy, if not entirely taboo, even as society during the 1960s had significantly modernized. The effect of his controversial topics, however, had led to a period wherein his writings were shunned, to a certain degree, and remained misclassified as bawdy erotica. â€Å"Suburban adultery†, a topic most associated with John Updike, is born of his own experiences in grappling with the temptations of sex and desire. The writing of the novel Couples came at a time when he was completely confused in his personal life, particularly with regards to his marriage. Updike was in the middle of a passionate love affair and was, in fact, contemplating filing for a divorce. In the end, he decided not to push through with the plan for divorce (Pritchard 2000, p. 119). The topic, therefore, is described vividly in every scene of the novel, reflecting Updike’s own struggle with his inner demons and the destruction of the institution of marriage before his very eyes. The crumbling of his own marriage proved to be the very basis of Couples. To Updike, a certain degree of the story of a failed marriage is â€Å"sad magic† (Pritchard 2000, p. 124). Extramarital relations for Updike are not erotic, despite the manner with which he describes the sexual activities of his characters in the novel. Rather than titillating, the goal of Updike’s prose is to portray the emptiness that these affairs and illicit relationships cause. There is no desire to eroticize or sexualize the characters; the idea is to present the weaknesses of their personalities and the ramifications of unbridled desire. It is not specifically aiming for preaching either, focusing only on the emotional hollowness that gives birth to the seed of lust and temptations in the first place. As Updike himself explains, his idea of sex in his literary achievements is far from intentionally erotic. Rather, the idea is to create a portrait wherein sex is a tool; it is a means by which Updike indicts the weaknesses of society’s moral fiber. As he said of sex in his writings in an interview with CNN, â€Å"I’ve seen it said of my work that it’s ‘anti-aphrodisiac,’ that it doesn’t – that my descriptions of sex doesn’t turn you on. But they’re not really meant to do that. I mean, sex described in detail is not a turn-on† (Austin 1998). Updike is far from a prude, true, yet his writings are not erotic for eroticism’s sake. The goal is to present moral weaknesses, not join banality. Unlike the earlier accusation of critics, the story of Couples is far from erotic, despite its routine use of sexual scenes and explicit activities. The story revolves around the lives of several couples living in an upscale community in Tarbox – a fictional suburb located in Boston. These young couples live wealthy lifestyles and have enough time on their hands to fool around. Piet Hanema, for example, is a serial adulterer. He has trysts with Foxy, as well as with several more of the novel’s women. His decadence is merely one of the morally bankrupt scenes in the story. It is not just Piet, though, who experiences a life of immorality and lack of a moral center. The couples engage in â€Å"wife-swapping† activities, such as in the case of the Applebys and the Little-smiths. None of the members of the community are entirely above the erotic rondalla, sending everyone in the community into a moral tailspin. In the end, however, it is Piet and his mistress Foxy who are cast out from the lot. Piet, since the beginning of the novel, is insistent on gaining freedom from his marriage. Though initially not bent towards the destruction of his own marriage, in the end, Piet divorces his wife Angela and his thrown out of the apartment with his mistress. As Greiner (1984) points out, â€Å"lovers are drawn as much to what destroys marriage as to what supports it† (p. 146). They are far from completely beyond the trappings of love, hence its effect as a double-edged sword. While it is love that bound two souls together under the sacrament of marriage in the first place, it is also â€Å"love† or whatever passes for it that successfully questions the sacrament and stands as a threat to its stability. Despite accepting the sacrament of marriage and his chained life, Piet needs and wants room, seeking sex and love from elsewhere despite his wife’s presence. There is a need to hone his skills as an illicit lover, and the adrenaline rush of such relationships do exist. And yet despite their illicit activities and immoral actions, Updike refuses to view his characters as villains. They are far from perfect, given their morally unstable relationships, and they are all tottering over the edge of hell with their hypocritical Presybterian lives. None of them truly lives up to the Christian ideals, and they can be described as having their own religion – the religion of sex and lust. Despite these errors and flaws, however, the characters are not evil per se. They are, rather, personifications of Updike’s understanding of suburbia and the moral decay that goes on behind the facade of wealth and propriety. They are weak, not evil, and are merely caught in the struggle to keep up with the liberal times even with the significant changes in society during this period (Greiner 1984, p. 148). Unfortunately, the highlighting of adulterous Tarbox soon became news across every home in the United States. Rather than view the sublime veins incorporated in Updike’s novel, it was soon branded sensationalized and controversial. Protests emerged, decrying Updike’s use of explicit words and graphic portrayal of sex. Perhaps most important of these criticisms, however, may be Anatole Broyard’s criticism of Piet Hanema, noting that there could be no sympathy for a â€Å"fornicator† (Greiner 1984, p. 149). In this the critics see the point of Updike’s novel, yet completely miss it as well To classify Updike’s novel as no more than a potboiler is to ignore its finer and less prominent points. To many, the adulterous activities and their graphic descriptions are the core of the novel. Looking past beyond such however, is the only way to find the true meaning of Updike’s Couples. In the world of Tarbox, sex is just another ordinary day. Despite their preoccupation with it, sex is not the core of the community. It is, of course, an ironic glue that brings various couples together and inevitably unhinges them when the time comes. The characters are simply wandering from one relationship to another, in search not of true love, but of companionship and momentary beauty. Rather than portray the couples as treacherous villains determined to subvert the values of the day, Updike presents them as brats unwilling to succumb to the demands of married life. The central concept of their lives is â€Å"fun†, and with the end of each day, beyond the trappings of the suburban community, husband and wife find themselves alone with the bills, the children, the leftover food and the dishes to wash. To a certain degree, such a relationship is less exciting and not quite as desirable as spending time with the equally bored neighbors (Grenier, 1984, p. 151). The couples, therefore, are far from total villains and much easier to understand as adults with the minds of young children, unwilling accept responsibility yet entirely willing to pursue the cult of fun. To say that they are the product of a determinedly lost generation is to heap unnecessary blame on the characters. It is not that they preeminently wished for the structure of such a morally reprehensible situation. The issues in the novel are, in fact, the product of the times. The characters are merely swept up in the current, following the changing values and transitional problems that occur when modernity clashes with traditional values. There are changes in society, with growing wealth and scientific advances, and it is simply not possible to ignore the changes; the characters succumb to the call of the â€Å"wild† despite their surface urbanity. As mentioned earlier, it is not an innate â€Å"evilness† that Updike wishes to uncover in his Couples. The underlying core is less sinister than what critics and censors of his day had easily assumed. In truth, the story of Updike’s novel is no more a potboiler than a thriller. It is simply a portrayal of Updike’s own nostalgic view of the changes in society, including the slow deconstruction of a small town similar to the one he grew up in. Throughout the novel, the tone is largely wistful, reminiscent of a different past. There is something in the manner with which Updike contrasts the beautiful town and the rotting away of its core; a resounding sigh seems to escape Updike’s lips with every word. Much of the story’s very core is essentially reliant on the time frame of the novel. Updike pegs it on the early 1960s, under the Kennedy administration. As he himself pointed out, there is no way that the plot could’ve existed in a different era. He noted that the action â€Å"could have taken place only under Kennedy; the social currents it traces are as specific to those years as flowers in a meadow are to their moment of summer† (Neary 1992, p. 144). There is something specific in the era that Updike particularly takes note of: the introduction of the bill and the liberation of women from the yokes of pregnancy. Without fear of pregnancy hanging over their heads, sex outside of marriage becomes a much more realistic possibility. It is what Updike calls the â€Å"post-pill paradise† (Sheed 1968), a world wherein the problem of unwanted pregnancy no longer exists. Updike describes his characters as wealthier than their predecessors, having been born into an era of relative prosperity. There is no limit to their desire for fulfillment, regardless of the price. They are driven by the id, raised in a culture of â€Å"me† and supported by the changing society. It is not just Tarbox which is changing. It is far from a microcosm entirely separate from the rest of society. Updike does not portray the suburb as a cancer entirely separate and different from the rest of the country. Rather, the suburb of Tarbox is a representative of many. The characters, themselves generic, are easily interchangeable and quite possibly recognizable in any town across the United States. In this world of change, not omly the couples of Tarbox are transformed. They are part of a larger social transformation, and Updike’s focus on their interactions and illicit affairs present his understanding of society (not just suburbia) in general. The couples, though seemingly too deviant and unbelievable to be considered general stereotypes, are in fact Updike’s definition of the moral breakdown of society. It is not an indictment of suburban life (despite the use of the term â€Å"suburban adultery†). The location of his subjects is more of a realistic portrayal than an unfair indictment. His judgment is not one of localization. Rather, Updike is presenting the class most affected by the changes in the Kennedy administration, primarily due to their wealth and social status. It is also in this level that the reality of class versus crass becomes most realize. Behind the beautiful homes and educated facades, there is darkness. The players randomly select their next partner, playing a grand, elaborate and ritualistic game of musical chairs with their neighbors. Play, again, is a significant theme in Updike’s novel, being the central concept that drives the couples to pursue sexual adventures again and again. The significance of the time period should not be ignored. Updike describes his characters as the products of national tribulations. Following the Great Depression and World War II, these young couples find themselves thrust into a new America, one that struggles to keep up the facade of decency while slowly eroded away by modernity and the vulgarity of the new world order. These characters are far from intentionally indecent, however. Their initial goal was to be enveloped in beauty, separate from the staleness of the rest of the nation and the vulgarity that threatens to creep up the morality ladder (Sheed 1968). In the end, however, they find themselves in a vulgarity of their own making, hidden under the sheen of decency and beauty that the suburbs signify. Quoting Updike, â€Å"the ultimate influence of a government whose taxes and commissions and appetite for armaments set limits everywhere, introduced into a nation whose leadership allowed a toothless moralism [sic] to dissemble a certain practiced cunning, into a culture where adolescent passions and homosexual philosophies were not quite yet triumphant, a climate still furtively hedonist† (Neary 1992, p. 146). The passage describes Updike’s view of the world in which the couples were molded. For all their failures and flaws, these characters were but the products of a bigger problem. Society itself, led by the government, was far from the pristine, moral structure it once was. The Applebys, the Little-smiths, the Guerins, the Constantines, the Hanemas etc. are merely the by-products of a flawed era. The destruction of society, therefore, does not begin and end with suburban adultery. It is merely a microcosm of a larger decay – one that goes beyond the wife-swapping activities of the inhabitants of Tarbox, Boston. In part, Updike’s focus is on the period and the circumstances that give rise to the opportunities for suburban adultery. One significant detail that Updike notes is the introduction of birth control. Whereas the novels of the 1950s focused on the â€Å"everyone is pregnant† motif, in Updike’s novel it is more of an â€Å"everyone is guilty† narrative (Greiner 1984, p. 145). Previously, pregnancy outside of marriage was the biggest obstacle for illicit lovers. Physical consummation, after all, could always leave an undeniable proof in the woman’s womb. With the introduction of the pill, however, a new â€Å"paradise† is opened to the people, with the characters of Updike’s Couples taking full advantage of the situation. These new methods of birth control had, to some effect, liberated the characters from the burdens of pregnancy. Now as long as his mistresses would remain on the pill, Piet would have no problems keeping his affairs in order. No longer would the characters of Updike’s novel fear the repercussions of sex outside of marriage, hence the ease with which they gradually fall into the abyss of sexual debauchery and adultery. And yet it seems as if this is just the tip of Updike’s metaphorical discussion. More than an indictment of the potentially â€Å"evil† consequences of birth control (such as the encouragement of promiscuity, perhaps), Updike’s inclusion of the pill is less of a reproach and more of a symbolism. It is not the pill per se that drives the characters into the arms of others. It is the slow break-down of society, particularly religion. The pill is merely a tool by which society slowly presents its disintegration. In itself, it cannot be identified as the cause of social decay. Rather, it is a sign of the changing times – a symbol of the struggle of the old traditional values to keep up with the changes in the modern world. In Updike’s own point of view, the concept of the novel is not really adultery. It is a discussion of the disintegration of society through the disintegration of church. Marriage, after all, is a sacrament. The destruction of marriage, therefore, does not signify the end of a union alone. It is a metaphor for the slow destruction of the church and its foundations. Sex is the new religion (Greiner 1984, p. 149). With the church crumbling and religion not as reliable as it once was, the characters of Updike’s Couples seek comfort and solace from another source. Marriage is not enough to provide the human warmth the characters require. They are not villains, just people trapped by circumstances and incapable of escaping from the needs of the flesh. It is a religion in itself, this search for fun. Quoting from the jacket blurb of Couples, Sheed (1968) notes how one character is supposed to be a priest and the other a scapegoat. In some ways, the idea of a spiritual leader leading the empty towards greater hypocrisy and shallowness is apt for the story. Fred Thorne is identified as the priest, the leader who organizes parties and games for the bored couples. His party on the night of Kennedy’s assassination is telling; the couples swear to be solemn yet soon revert to their partying ways. In a sense, this invokes a feeling of emptiness, of floating through space. These characters have nothing else but their physical selves to cling to. The government’s leader is assassinated, God strikes his own church with lightning and society is giving way underground to new bores. In essence, they are free of religious and political encumbrances, only to realize that without these structures there is almost nothing to hold on to at all. In the end, there is nothing but the warmth that sex provides – be it illicit or otherwise – giving a physical reality to the world. Without this physical connection, they are lost. The couples move around, shuffle in their beautiful clothing and beautiful homes. Beyond the facade however, are emptiness and a world of gradual moral decay. Works Cited Amidon, Stephen. â€Å"Unzipped: John Updike’s Prose is as Supple as Ever in This Chronicle of a Lifetime’s Erotic Exploits. † New Statesman, 134. 4724(2005): 51 Austin, Jonathan. â€Å"His Characters Allow Updike to be ‘Free’. † CNN. Com, 16 November 1998. Available 27 April 2008, from http://edition. cnn. com/books/news/9811/16/updike/index. html Greiner, Donald. John Updike’s Novels. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1984 Neary, John. Something and Nothingness: The Fiction of John Updike and John Fowles. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992 Pritchard, William. Updike: America’s Man of Letters. South Royalton, VT: Steerforth Press, 2000 Sheed, Wilfrid. â€Å"Couples. † The New York Times, 7 April 1968. Available 27 April 2008, from http://www. nytimes. com/1968/04/07/books/updike-couples. html? pagewanted=1 Updike, John. Couples. NY: Ballantine Books, 1999

Child in the Preoperational Stage Essay

A study was carried out by two third year psychology students to investigate Piaget’s stage theory. A 4 years old female child was tested in task of comprehension of more and less, followed standard and modified versions of conservation and class inclusion tasks. Results indicated that child exhibited difficulties in both modified conservation and class inclusion tasks despite the removal of some confounds in standard tasks. This infers that children of pre-operational stage do lack the ability to conserve and categorize objects, as predicted by Piaget. Further research need to address children’s numerical abilities, as well as attending to perceptive seductions. This research needs to compare children who are able and unable to attend to number logics, as well as modifying the class inclusion task so that perceptive seduction cannot take place. Child in the preoperational stageMany researchers have been interested in various confounds which are present in Jean Piaget’s stage theories. His studies have postulated that children in the pre-operational stage lack the ability to perform conservation and class inclusion tasks (White, Hayes, Livsey, 2005). The methodologies of the study however, have been criticized by many researchers. Flaws and alternatives found in the standard Piagetian tasks include conversational confusions, perceptual seduction, and linguistic misunderstandings (Light, 1986, Siegel, 1978, 2003, Meadows, 1988). These issues have been addressed with modifications to the standard tasks. Majority of the research have found modified tasks to be better predictors of child’s abilities in conservation and class inclusion tasks. (Light, 1986, Siegel, 1978, 2003, Meadows, 1988). According to Piaget’s stage theory, children in the pre-operational stage are non-conservers (White et al, 2005). Their tendency of centration causes them to focus on only one aspect of the problem at a time (White et al, 2005). This implies that they are unable to comprehend that quantitative properties of certain objects remain unchanged despite changes in its appearance (White et al, 2005). For example, pre-operational children typically judge water of the same volume to be more, after the transformation in standard liquid conservation tasks (Siegal, 2003). A problem in this procedure however, lies within the confusion caused by children’s conversational experience (Siegal,  2003). This theory proposes that rather than actually responding to the logic behind the transformations of the liquid, children misinterprets the repetition of the same question as a cue to switch their answer in order to please the adult experimenter (Siegel, 2003). To address conversational confusion, liquid conservation tasks had been modified by the means of incidental transformation (Light, 1986). The intention of this modification is to contextualize the intentions of adults in repeating the same question. Light (1986) administered the standard Piagetian conservation procedure up to the point when both beakers of the same size and volume. However, during the transformation, the experimenter â€Å"incidentally† noticed that one of the beakers was chipped, and found a taller and thinner beaker as the replacement container for the original content. The result found that only 5 percent of children correctly responded to the conservation task in the standard condition, while 70 percent correctly responded to the incidental condition (Light, 1986). An alternative to Piaget’s theory of conservation is that non-conservers may actually be perceptually seduced (Siegel, 2003). This theory postulates that children pay more attention to the post-transformation state and disregards the pre-transformation state(Siegel, 2003). They fail the question about conservation because all of their attention are diverted into the new state and they perceive it as different from the old state (Siegel, 2003). Research had shown that children who do not witness the process of transformation are much more likely to conserve than children who sees the transformation taking place (Siegel, 2003). Another difficulty that Piaget found in pre-operational children is their ability to attend to class inclusion tasks (Siegel, 2003). In a study, pre-operational children were presented with a set of 6 cars and 4 trucks. When asked the question â€Å"are there more trucks or vehicles†, children will typically answer cars (White et al, 2005). Explanation for this result as proposed by Piaget is that children are unable to conceptualize cars as a more inclusive category of the hierarchy (White et al, 2005). Limitations however, were found in this theory in terms of children’s linguistic misunderstandings. A study by Sigel (1978) compared the performance of 4 year old children who were asked whether they would like to eat candy with those asked if there were more candy in the array. Results found that significantly more children passed the eat-candy task (50%) as opposed to 26% in the more-candy task. This implicates that pre-operational children performs better on tasks of class inclusion when linguistic cues were made salient with age-appropriate cues as opposed using comprehension of relational terminology such as â€Å"more† and â€Å"less† (Sigel, 1978). A modified class inclusion task was designed in the current experiment to address the linguistic issues associated with child’s performance. Previous studies have found that children experience confusion when similar words are used in each level of the hierarchy (e.g. black cows, cows) (White et al, 2003). They are however, more familiar with the relationships where each member makes up part of a whole (White et al, 2003). Hence, when children were taught, or are familiar with the superordinate class such as â€Å"family†, they are more likely to have certainty about its relation with the subordinates (e.g. three baby horses, two parent horses) (Meadows, 1998). The present study is aimed to investigate whether children in their pre-operational stage experience difficulties in conservation and class-inclusion tasks as predicted by Piaget. From the research examined, it was anticipated that the child’s performance on modified tasks will be better than the standard tasks. It was hypothesized that the child will perform poorly in standard conservation and class inclusion tasks. It was also hypothesized that the child’s performance in the standard tasks were influenced by factors other than those intended in the standard Piagetian procedure. MethodParticipantThe subject is a four year and old female who is living at home with both of her parents in Petersham. She currently attends the local pre-school. The test was conducted inside the child’s house with two experimenters. One of the experimenter, who is her aunty, was responsible for interviewing the child, while the other transcribes the events. MaterialsFor comprehension of more or less, a total of 11 blocks were used. 5 blue and 5 yellow blocks were used in the standard number conservation task. 2 bottles of the same size and a thinner and taller bottle were used in the standard liquid conservation task. A picture with 4 black horses and 2 white horses was used in the standard class inclusion task. In the modified liquid conservation task, 2 toy horses were used as characters for picnic. 2 bottles of the same size, with one missing the label was used in the pre-transformation stage. A taller, thinner bottle was used in the post-transformation stage. In the modified class inclusion task, 2 larger â€Å"parent† toy horses and 3 smaller â€Å"baby† toy horses were placed next to one another. ProcedureThe experiment was carried out in the order test of comprehension of more and less; standard number conservation; standard liquid conservation; standard class inclusion; modified liquid conservation; and modified class inclusion. In the comprehension of more and less task, the experimenter takes out 8 blocks, but separates them so there were 4 each side. There is also another basked with 3 spare blocks in it. The child is then asked to make one pile more than the other, followed by the prompt to make the now larger pile less than the other pile. In the standard number conservation task, the blue and yellow blocks were placed in 2 lines equidistant of each other. On post-transformation, spaces between the yellow blocks were enlarged by the experimenter. Please refer to the appendix for details on rest of the tasks. ResultsOutcome of the study shows that the child is able to comprehend when something is more, but was unable transform the pile that had more objects to be less than the smaller pile. Results have also shown that the child was able to correctly answer the pre-transformation questions of standard number and liquid conservation, as well as modified liquid tasks, but failed in post-transformation and justifications of these tasks. Finally, the results have shown that the child was unable to correctly answer any of the class inclusion tasks, even after concept of family was eventually introduced to her by the experimenter in the modified class inclusion task. For the full results, please refer to the results summary in Appendix A. Discussion Contrary to the anticipations, the child did not perform better in any of the modified tasks as compared to standard tasks. The results provide support for the hypothesis that child will perform poorly in standard conservation and class inclusion tasks. The child performed consistently poorly across all three standard Piagetian tasks. As a result, the child’s performance in the tests clearly places her in Piaget’s preoperational stage of development. The results are consistent with all critics in the current field, who found children of preoperational stage to perform poorly across standard tasks (Light, 1986, Siegel, 1978, 2003, Meadows, 1988). Hence, the validity of the criticisms relies on the child’s performance on modified tasks. A notable aspect of the results indicates that child’s performance in the standard tasks may be hindered by her ability to correctly comprehend the concept of more and less. The results did not support the hypothesis that child’s performance in the standard tasks were influenced by factors other than those intended in the standard Piagetian procedure. No support of conversational confusion was found in the present experiment whereby despite the removal of such confounds. The incidental transformation in the modified liquid conservation task did not produce better results compared to the standard tasks. This result did not support Light’s (1986) experiment where children in modified tasks performed significantly better than those doing the standard tasks. The reasons behind this result may be that the child does not have a correct grasp of the concept of more and less. Alternatively, the child, who is in  her preoperational stage, may genuinely lack the ability to conserve, as proposed by Piaget (White et al, 2005). A limitation behind this result may be attributed to the theory that the child may be perceptually seduced (Siegel, 2003). In essence, despite the transformation being â€Å"incidental†, the child still witnessed it taking place. Hence, child’s attention was diverted to the post-transformation state of the water â€Å"got bigger† in the taller, thinner bottle. Future research may incorporate the â€Å"incidental† transformation task that prevents the child from witnessing the process of transformation taking place. No evidence for linguistic misunderstanding was found in the current experiment. The child performed equally poorly in both standard and modified class inclusion tasks despite the removal of such confound. The result shows that even after introducing the concept of the family to the child with evidence of learning, she was still unable to comprehend that the â€Å"family† was a superordinate of class with subordinates of parent and baby horses. This finding does not support Meadow’s (1988) theory in that grasp of the relationship between superordinate and subordinates helps children perform better in class inclusion tasks. The child’s problem in all class inclusion tasks may be attributed to Piaget’s theory of centration whereby children in the preoperational stage are only able to attend to one aspect of the problem at a time (White et al, 2005). In this case, the child may be centrated on the old concept that there are more baby horses and disregard the new concept that the baby horses were a part of the â€Å"family†. Alternatively, the child’s performance may be hindered by their inability to comprehend more and less. A further limitation of the study was that results of the experiment were strongly hindered by the fact that the child was unable to comprehend when something is less. This confound creates ambiguity to the question whether child in the preoperational stage genuinely lack the ability in conservation and class inclusion tasks, or if the outcomes were attributed to their lack of logics with numbers. Future research could overcome this problem by comparing the results of preoperational children who are able, and unable to  correctly attend to the concept of more and less. An alternative way to overcome this problem is to employ age-specific linguistic cues in class inclusion tasks as opposed to using concepts of â€Å"more† and â€Å"less† (Siegel. 1978). Overall, the results of the study suggest that children in the preoperational stage do indeed lack the ability to correctly perform conservation and class inclusion tasks despite the removal of some confounds. However, the results were not clear cut to whether they were caused by child’s ability to comprehend to more and less or if they were perceptually seduced. Future research could compare children who are able and unable to attend to number logics, as well as modifying the class inclusion task to remove the confound of perceptive seduction. References Light, P. C.(1986). Context, conservation and conversation. In M. Richards. & P. Light (Eds.) Children of social worlds : Development in a social context. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press. Meadows S (1988) Piaget’s contribution to understanding cognitive development. In K Richardson & S. Sheldon (Eds.) Cognitive Development to Adolescence. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum. Siegel, L., McCabe A., Brand J, & Mathews J (1978) Evidence for understanding of class inclusion in preschool children: Linguistic factors and training effects. Child Development, 49, 688-693. Siegal, M. (2003). Cognitive development. In A. Slater & G. Bremner (Eds.) An introduction to developmental psychology. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Chapter 8White. F, Hayes. B, Livesey. D (2005). Evaluating Piaget’s claims: Preoperational period. Developmental Psychology: From infancy to adulthood .Pearson Prentice Hall. Chapter 5

Interpreting The French Revolution Essay - 1759 Words

The year 1789 proved to be a pivotal and historical epoch of political upheavals, radical social movements, and the demolition of the old age monarchy in France. The Tennis Court Oath, storming of the Bastille, passage of the Declaration on the Rights of Man and Citizen, and an unprecedented assault on Versailles as well as the use of the guillotine defined the spirit and historical meaning of the French Revolution. Due to the significance of the tumultuous political and social overhaul that took place, many stances have been taken on interpreting the revolution. The ideas formed regarding the interpretation of the causes and effects of the French Revolution are important in understanding the birth of new political ideologies that†¦show more content†¦Edmund Burke offers the conservative view from his book Reflections of the French Revolution. History is the guideline for conservative politics and political theories produced by rational reasoning and innovative qualities are a source for evil politics (Burke, 1955). Tradition offer stability and ensures that those with more experience rule with power and wisdom (Mannheim, 1936). Burke regarded the revolution as a â€Å"diffusion of knowledge, which has undermined superstition and error...lost the idea of [liberty]...and a king....surrendering himself to his subjects† (Burke, 1955). Revolutions strive to achieve an invisible goal. The beheading of the aristocrats and monarchy exemplifies conservative’s negative view on human nature and brutality of radical change. The complexity of politics cannot be summed up in one universal principle as offered by the Third Estate. Conservatives believe that a strong order of obedience and tradition is the only way to restrain the sinful and irrational man. The idea of equal voting rights presented by the Third Estate is a skewed vision of equality. People are unequal physically, intellectually, and mentally, therefore the landed elite are th e only ones capable of taming the wild and sinful nature of humans through customs, social roles and traditions. The idea that individuals can rule over state is against the natural order of things. The complexities of politics require men who are in the position of power toShow MoreRelatedInterpreting the French Revolution Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens825 Words   |  3 PagesIn the novel A Tale of Two Cities, the author Charles Dickens explains to us, the readers, how he interpreted the French Revolution including his thoughts and concerns for the time period. This period is referring to the 18th century when the uprisings began. In this violence, groups of people were brought together to stir up havoc among the cities. 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